夷

barbarian

warrior from the eastern parts of Japan

Four Barbarians

land of the barbarians

commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians (beginning in 794 CE)

controlling foreigners by foreigners

controlling foreigners by foreigners

to control foreigners by foreigners

to control foreigners by foreigners

Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus)

barbarians to the east and to the west (from the perspective of old China)

controlling foreigners by foreigners

controlling foreigners by foreigners

Isumi Special Needs School (older name style)

(in China) 9th note of the ancient chromatic scale (approx. A sharp)

Siberian lily (Lilium pensylvanicum)

incendiary bomb

sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia)

China and foreign countries (from the perspective of China)

burning (something) away

crude warrior from the eastern parts of Japan

Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)

sargent cherry (Prunus sargentii)

principle of excluding foreigners (late Edo period)

loyalty to the emperor and expulsion of the foreigners

wedgeleaf primrose (Primula cuneifolia)

parajika (rules entailing expulsion from the sangha for life)

Yezo spruce (Picea jezoensis)

defeating barbarians (esp. the Emishi)

Pacific silverweed (Potentilla egedii var. grandis)

barbaric custom

revere the Emperor, expel the (Western) barbarians

upasika (devout female lay follower of Buddhism)

kobus magnolia

Ezo neptune (species of whelk, Neptunea polycostata)

bird cherry (Prunus padus)

Ochotona hyperborea yesoensis (subspecies of northern pika)

day lily (Hemerocallis dumortieri)

Ezo brown frog (Rana pirica)

arthritic neptune (species of whelk, Neptunea arthritica)

Magnolia praecocissima

black-veined white (species of butterfly, Aporia crataegi)

Hokkaido sika (Cervus nippon yesoensis)

barbarian

double-sculptured neptune (species of whelk, Neptunea intersculpta)

hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia)

China aster (Callistephus chinensis)

lemon day-lily (Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus, formerly Hemerocallis flava)

Epipactis papillosa (species of orchid)

Hokkaido squirrel (subspecies of red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris orientis)

Japanese sable (subspecies of sable native to Hokkaido, Martes zibellina brachyura)

savages

Middendorf's whelk (Buccinum middendorffi)

barbarians

Emishi allied with the central government (ritsuryō period)

Lyristes japonicus (species of cicada)

chives (Allium schoenoprasum var. schoenoprasum)

Angelica ursina (species of perennial herb)

Emishi

Japanese hackberry (Celtis jessoensis)

Japanese soldierfish (Ostichthys japonicus)

Hokkaido wolf (Canis lupus hattai, extinct)

Tamias sibiricus lineatus (subspecies of Siberian chipmunk native to Hokkaido)

yellow-winged darter (Sympetrum flaveolum)

Viola eizanensis (flower in the violet family)

the barbarians beyond the borders of old China

Pteromys volans orii (subspecies of the Siberian flying squirrel, endemic to Hokkaido)

Hokkaido brown bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis)

expulsion of foreigners