〜ていたら / 〜ていれば: This means "if something had been true" or "if something were true." It talks about things that did not happen. It can show you wish things were different.

〜ていたら / 〜ていれば

This means "if something had been true" or "if something were true." It talks about things that did not happen. It can show you wish things were different.

N4 KMT4NeutralStandardAuxiliary ConstructionMixedHypothetical ConditionalsGrammar

Verb [て-form] + いたらPrimary

Verb [て-form] + いれば

This means "if something had been true" or "if something were true." It talks about things that did not happen. It can show you wish things were different.

もっと勉強していたら、試験に合格していただろう。

If I had studied more, I probably would have passed the exam.

NeutralPastAffirmativeMid SentenceHypotheticalEducation

あの時、テレビを見ていなかったら、地震に気づいたはずだ。

If I hadn't been watching TV at that time, I'm sure I would have noticed the earthquake.

NeutralPastNegativeMid SentenceHypotheticalDaily Life Weather & Geography

日本に住んでいれば、ぜひ京都に行ってみたいですね。

If you're living in Japan, you'd definitely want to try visiting Kyoto, wouldn't you?

PoliteNon PastAffirmativeMid SentenceHypotheticalTravel & Transportation Nature & Environment

あんなこと言わなければよかった。もし彼がまだあの会社で働いていたら…。

I shouldn't have said that. If only he were still working at that company...

CasualNon PastAffirmativeSentence EndingHypotheticalWork & Career Emotions & Psychology

もし私がその会議に出席していれば、このような結論にはならなかったでしょう。

If I had been attending that meeting, we probably wouldn't have reached this kind of conclusion.

FormalPastAffirmativeMid SentenceHypotheticalBusiness & Finance Work & Career

This form is like looking back and saying, "If only..." It shows you are thinking about a different past. You might feel sad or glad about it. It is often used to talk about things that did not happen.

This is different from "〜たら" or "〜れば". Those just talk about an action. This form talks about an action that was happening. It is also different from "〜としたら". That means "What if..." or "Let's say...". This form talks about something that really did not happen.

Don't use this when you talk about adjectives. For example, don't say "if it were hot." This grammar is for action words. It is for things that keep happening. Or for things that are in a certain state.

Contrasts with(1)

〜としたら

You use this to talk about something that might happen. It is like saying 'if that were true' or 'what if?'

て形

This is a special form of words. You use it to connect actions or ideas. It can mean "and then," "because," or "by doing something."

条件形 (たら)

This grammar means 'if' or 'when'. You use it to talk about things that might happen. You can also use it for a series of actions or to make suggestions.

条件形 (えば)

This grammar means 'if' or 'when'. You use it for things that are generally true. You also use it for advice or ideas.

〜ている / 〜でいる

This means an action is happening right now. It is like adding "-ing" to a verb in English.

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Dictionary

〜ていたら / 〜ていれば

This means "if something had been true" or "if something were true." It talks about things that did not happen. It can show you wish things were different.

N4 KMT4NeutralStandardAuxiliary ConstructionMixedHypothetical ConditionalsGrammar

Verb [て-form] + いたらPrimary

Verb [て-form] + いれば

This means "if something had been true" or "if something were true." It talks about things that did not happen. It can show you wish things were different.

もっと勉強していたら、試験に合格していただろう。

If I had studied more, I probably would have passed the exam.

NeutralPastAffirmativeMid SentenceHypotheticalEducation

あの時、テレビを見ていなかったら、地震に気づいたはずだ。

If I hadn't been watching TV at that time, I'm sure I would have noticed the earthquake.

NeutralPastNegativeMid SentenceHypotheticalDaily Life Weather & Geography

日本に住んでいれば、ぜひ京都に行ってみたいですね。

If you're living in Japan, you'd definitely want to try visiting Kyoto, wouldn't you?

PoliteNon PastAffirmativeMid SentenceHypotheticalTravel & Transportation Nature & Environment

あんなこと言わなければよかった。もし彼がまだあの会社で働いていたら…。

I shouldn't have said that. If only he were still working at that company...

CasualNon PastAffirmativeSentence EndingHypotheticalWork & Career Emotions & Psychology

もし私がその会議に出席していれば、このような結論にはならなかったでしょう。

If I had been attending that meeting, we probably wouldn't have reached this kind of conclusion.

FormalPastAffirmativeMid SentenceHypotheticalBusiness & Finance Work & Career

Contrasts with(1)

〜としたら

You use this to talk about something that might happen. It is like saying 'if that were true' or 'what if?'

て形

This is a special form of words. You use it to connect actions or ideas. It can mean "and then," "because," or "by doing something."

条件形 (たら)

This grammar means 'if' or 'when'. You use it to talk about things that might happen. You can also use it for a series of actions or to make suggestions.

条件形 (えば)

This grammar means 'if' or 'when'. You use it for things that are generally true. You also use it for advice or ideas.

〜ている / 〜でいる

This means an action is happening right now. It is like adding "-ing" to a verb in English.

Track your mastery

Kumi's KMT system tracks your mastery across kanji, vocabulary, grammar, and reading. Create a free account to use it on 220,000+ concepts.

〜ていたら / 〜ていれば

Patterns2

Meaning

Examples5

Nuance1

Contrasts1

Restrictions1

Compare with1

Contrasts with(1)

Prerequisites4

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〜ていたら / 〜ていれば

Patterns2

Meaning

Examples5

Nuance1

Contrasts1

Restrictions1

Compare with1

Contrasts with(1)

Prerequisites4

Track your mastery