This means 'without doing something.' It shows something happened even though an action was not done.
Verb [ない-form, drop い] + ずしてPrimary
This means 'without doing something.' It shows something happened even though an action was not done.
努力せずして成功はあり得ない。
Success is impossible without effort.
彼は誰にも相談せずして、会社を辞めるという重大な決断を下した。
He made the momentous decision to quit the company without consulting anyone.
多くの研究者が協力せずして、この技術は実現しませんでした。
This technology would not have been realized without the cooperation of many researchers.
人は他者と関わらずして生きることはできない、と哲学者は説いた。
A person cannot live without interacting with others, the philosopher preached.
彼は一度も振り返らずして、ゴールまで走り抜けた。
He ran through to the goal without once looking back.
This phrase shows surprise. It means something happened, even though another thing did not. Or, something could not happen, because another thing did not. It highlights a strong connection between two ideas.
Other phrases like "~zu ni" and "~nai de" also mean "without doing." But "~zu shite" is much more formal. It is like old-fashioned language. You do not use it when you talk every day. "~zu shite" must follow a verb. "~nashi ni" can follow a noun. "~zu shite" often shows a surprising cause. This is different from "~koto nashi ni."
Don't use this when you are talking with friends. It is too formal for daily chats. The verb 'suru' changes to 'sezushite'. This is a special rule to remember.
Use this when you want to make your words sound very strong. It adds importance to what you say. It makes your message more powerful.
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