〜なり〜なり

You use this to list many things. It shows you feel confused or overwhelmed by them.

Used to list items or actions in a non-exhaustive manner, typically carrying a strong nuance of complaint, criticism, or exasperation. It is similar to saying '...and...and what not' in a fed-up or dismissive tone.

This means 'and things like that'. You use it to give a few examples. It shows there are more things you could say.

More formal alternatives(3)

You use this to list many things. It shows you feel confused or overwhelmed by them.

This means 'and things like that'. You use it to give a few examples. It shows there are more things you could say.

辞書形

This is the basic form of a verb. It is what you find in a dictionary. You use it to make other verb forms.

〜たり〜たりする

You use this to list a few things you did. It means you did things like A and B, plus other things.

Verb [imperative form] (e-ending / ろ / よ)

This means 'and things like that'. You use it to give a few examples. It shows there are more things you could say.

This is how you tell someone to do something. It is a very strong command. You should be careful when you use it.

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Dictionary

〜なり〜なり

This grammar pattern gives examples of things you can do. It means 'do this or that, for example.' You can choose any of the options.

N2 KMT7FormalStandardCompound ParticleMixedOlder SpeakersClassicalClassical ListingGrammar

Verb [dictionary form] + なり + Verb [dictionary form] + なりPrimary

Noun + なり + Noun + なり

This grammar pattern gives examples of things you can do. It means 'do this or that, for example.' You can choose any of the options.

電話するなりメールするなりして、彼に連絡してください。

Please contact him, whether by calling or emailing (or some other way).

PoliteNon PastAffirmativeMid SentenceRequestWork & Career Daily Life

部長に、報告書を仕上げるなりデータを整理するなり、今日中に何か一つ終わらせろと言われた。

The department head told me to finish one thing today, either completing the report or organizing the data.

FormalPastAffirmativeMid SentenceDeclarativeWork & Career

不満があるなら、直接言うなり手紙に書くなりすればいい。

If you have a complaint, you should just say it directly or write it in a letter.

NeutralNon PastAffirmativeSentence EndingNecessityEmotions & Psychology Work & Career

忙しいなり疲れたなり、言い訳をするのはやめなさい。

Stop making excuses, like saying you're busy or tired.

FormalNon PastNegativeMid SentenceProhibitionEmotions & Psychology Daily Life

先生になり先輩になり、分からないことは誰かに相談した方がいいですよ。

You should consult someone about things you don't understand, be it a teacher or a senior student.

PoliteNon PastAffirmativeMid SentenceDeclarativeEducation Family & Relationships

This phrase tells someone to pick an option and do it. It is like saying, 'Just choose one and get started.' It can sound a bit pushy, like you want them to act quickly.

Don't use this when you are just listing things that already happened. For example, do not say "I ate apples or oranges" with this grammar. This grammar is for future choices.

Contrasts with(3)

You use this to list many things. It shows you feel confused or overwhelmed by them.

This means 'and things like that'. You use it to give a few examples. It shows there are more things you could say.

More formal alternatives(3)

You use this to list many things. It shows you feel confused or overwhelmed by them.

This means 'and things like that'. You use it to give a few examples. It shows there are more things you could say.

辞書形

This is the basic form of a verb. It is what you find in a dictionary. You use it to make other verb forms.

〜たり〜たりする

You use this to list a few things you did. It means you did things like A and B, plus other things.