This shows something is in a certain state. It got that way because someone did it on purpose. They did it for a reason.
Verb [て-form] + あるPrimary
This shows something is in a certain state. It got that way because someone did it on purpose. They did it for a reason.
旅行の準備はもうしてありますか。
Have you already finished your preparations for the trip?
エアコンがつけてあるから、部屋は涼しいよ。
The room is cool because the air conditioner has been turned on (by someone).
テーブルの上に、誰かのために食事が用意してあった。
A meal had been prepared on the table for someone.
その件については、まだ何も決めてありません。
Regarding that matter, nothing has been decided yet.
壁に掛けてある地図を見てください。
Please look at the map that has been hung on the wall.
When you use '〜てある', you often use 'が' with the thing that changed. This is because you are talking about the thing itself. You are not talking about who did the action. For example, 'ビールが冷やしてある' means 'The beer is chilled'. You focus on the beer.
This is different from "〜ている" (te iru). "〜てある" means someone did something on purpose. "〜ている" just says how something is now. It does not say why. For example, "The window has been opened" (mado ga akete aru) means someone opened it for a reason. "The window is open" (mado ga aite iru) just states a fact.
Don't use this when the verb doesn't take a direct object. For example, you cannot say "the door is open" with this grammar if the door opened by itself.
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