〜はおろか

A is a given, but also B; not only A, but also B. This is a formal expression used to add an item (B) to an already obvious or expected item (A). It is a more formal equivalent of 〜はもちろん.

More formal alternatives(2)

Far from A, on the contrary B. Used to strongly deny the first statement (A) and present a contrasting reality (B) that is often more extreme or the opposite of what was expected.

This means "not only X, but also Y." You use it to say that X is true, and Y is also true. It shows that Y is an extra thing.

This means "not only X, but also Y." You use it to say that X is true, and Y is also true. It shows that Y is an extra thing.

A is a given, but also B; not only A, but also B. This is a formal expression used to add an item (B) to an already obvious or expected item (A). It is a more formal equivalent of 〜はもちろん.

Far from A, on the contrary B. Used to strongly deny the first statement (A) and present a contrasting reality (B) that is often more extreme or the opposite of what was expected.

〜は (contrastive)

Marks an item for contrast, implying that the statement is true for the marked item but may not be for others, which can be stated or unstated. It is often used to soften a negative statement or to express partial agreement.

Track your mastery

Kumi's KMT system tracks your mastery across kanji, vocabulary, grammar, and reading. Create a free account to use it on 220,000+ concepts.

Dictionary

〜はおろか

You use this to say that something very basic is not possible. This means something more difficult is also not possible. The sentence will always be negative.

N1 KMT8FormalStandardCompound ParticleWritten OnlyOlder SpeakersLet Alone Not To MentionGrammar

Noun + はおろかPrimary

You use this to say that something very basic is not possible. This means something more difficult is also not possible. The sentence will always be negative.

彼は自分の名前はおろか、簡単な漢字さえ書けない。

He can't even write simple kanji, let alone his own name.

FormalNon PastNegativeSentence EndingDeclarativeEducation

事故で怪我をして、歩くことはおろか、立つことすらできなかった。

After getting injured in the accident, I couldn't even stand, let alone walk.

FormalPastNegativeSentence EndingDeclarativeMedicine & Health

資金不足で、新しい機材はおろか、消耗品の購入もままならない状況だ。

Due to a lack of funds, we're in a situation where we can't even manage to purchase consumables, let alone new equipment.

FormalNon PastNegativeSentence EndingDeclarativeBusiness & Finance Work & Career

忙しすぎて、休みはおろか、食事をとる時間もありませんでした。

I was so busy that I didn't even have time to eat, let alone take a break.

PolitePastNegativeSentence EndingDeclarativeWork & Career Daily Life

その村では、パソコンはおろか電話もない家が多く、外部との連絡は困難を極めた。

In that village, many houses didn't even have a telephone, let alone a computer, making communication with the outside world extremely difficult.

FormalPastNegativeMid SentenceDeclarativeTechnology Daily Life Travel & Transportation

This phrase sounds very formal. It shows something is much worse than you thought. It's like saying, "This is truly bad." You use it for big problems, not small ones.

Contrasts with(1)

A is a given, but also B; not only A, but also B. This is a formal expression used to add an item (B) to an already obvious or expected item (A). It is a more formal equivalent of 〜はもちろん.

More formal alternatives(2)

Far from A, on the contrary B. Used to strongly deny the first statement (A) and present a contrasting reality (B) that is often more extreme or the opposite of what was expected.

This means "not only X, but also Y." You use it to say that X is true, and Y is also true. It shows that Y is an extra thing.

This means "not only X, but also Y." You use it to say that X is true, and Y is also true. It shows that Y is an extra thing.

A is a given, but also B; not only A, but also B. This is a formal expression used to add an item (B) to an already obvious or expected item (A). It is a more formal equivalent of 〜はもちろん.